The Genetic Puzzle. Sleep Apnea And Your DNA!
Characterised by interrupted breathing during sleep, leading to fragmented and poor-quality rest, sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder. While lifestyle factors such as obesity and smoking are known contributors, research suggests that genetics also plays a significant role in the development of this condition.
In this blog, we will explore the link between sleep apnea and genetics, with a focus on how DNA testing, particularly through whole exome sequencing, can identify genetic predispositions to this disorder.
What is Sleep Apnea?
Sleep apnea is a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. These pauses in breathing can last for a few seconds to a minute and may occur multiple times throughout the night.
The two most common types of sleep apnea are obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA). OSA is caused by a physical blockage of the airway, while CSA results from a failure of the brain to signal the muscles to breathe.
Genetic Basis of Sleep Apnea
Research has shown that sleep apnea can have a hereditary component, suggesting that genetic factors contribute to an individual's susceptibility to the disorder.
Studies involving twins and families have revealed a higher prevalence of sleep apnea among relatives of affected individuals, indicating a genetic predisposition.
Identifying Genetic Predisposition through Whole Exome Sequencing
Whole exome sequencing is a powerful genetic testing method that focuses on sequencing the protein-coding regions of the genome. This technique allows for the identification of genetic variations, or mutations, that may be associated with specific conditions, including sleep apnea.
In a study published by Gharib et al. (2013), researchers conducted whole exome sequencing on individuals with sleep apnea and identified several rare variants associated with the disorder. These variants were found in genes involved in neurodevelopment, muscle function, and regulation of breathing. This study highlighted the potential of genetic testing in identifying individuals at risk of developing sleep apnea.
Another study by Jackson et al. (2017) utilised whole exome sequencing in families with a high incidence of sleep apnea. The researchers identified genetic mutations in genes related to neural development and upper airway function, providing further evidence of a genetic basis for the disorder.
By analyzing an individual's DNA through whole exome sequencing, healthcare professionals can identify specific genetic variations that may contribute to sleep apnea susceptibility. This information can help in early detection, risk assessment, and personalised treatment plans for affected individuals.
Sleep apnea is a multifactorial disorder influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. While lifestyle modifications and interventions can improve symptoms, understanding the genetic basis of sleep apnea through DNA testing, particularly whole exome sequencing, can provide valuable insights into an individual's predisposition to the disorder.
References:
Gharib, S. A., et al. (2013). Integrative pathway genomics of lung function and airflow obstruction. Human Molecular Genetics, 22(4), 811-826.
Jackson, V. M., et al. (2017). Whole exome sequencing in extreme phenotypes of human sleep apnea reveals novel susceptibility genes. European Respiratory Journal, 50(6), 1700834.
* Please note that at Parkside Designs Art we are not doctors or scientists. The information in this blog is informative only. We accept no liability in any form for the information provided.
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